Muburyo bwambere bwo kugendagenda kumurongo, umurongo wibiti byimbaho washyizwe munsi yumurongo wibibaho. Imirongo igezweho igendanwa ikoresha ihame rimwe ryakazi, usibye ko rimwe na rimwe imipira ikoreshwa aho kuzunguruka. Ikizunguruka cyoroshye cyane ni icyuma cyoroshye, kikaba ari igihuru cyometse hagati yiziga na axe. Igishushanyo cyaje gusimburwa no kuzunguruka, cyakoreshaga ibyuma byinshi bya silindrike kugirango bisimbuze ibihuru byumwimerere, kandi buri kintu kizunguruka cyari kimeze nkuruziga rutandukanye.
Urugero rwa mbere rwerekana umupira wabonetse ku bwato bwa kera bw'Abaroma bwubatswe mu 40 mbere ya Yesu mu kiyaga cya Naimi, mu Butaliyani: umupira w’ibiti wakoreshwaga mu gushyigikira ameza azunguruka. Bavuga ko Leonardo da Vinci yasobanuye umupira ufite hafi 1500. Mu bintu bitandukanye bidakuze byerekana imipira, ingingo y'ingenzi ni uko imipira izagongana, bigatera ubushyamirane bwiyongera. Ariko ibi birashobora gukumirwa ushyira imipira mumagage mato. Mu kinyejana cya 17, Galileo yabanje gusobanura umupira ufite "umupira w'amaguru". Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 17, urukuta rwa C. rwo mu Bwongereza rwashushanyije kandi rukora imipira y’imipira, yashyizwe ku modoka y’iposita kugira ngo ikoreshwe, kandi P Worth yo mu Bwongereza yabonye ipatanti yo gutwara imipira. Igikoresho cya mbere gifatika gifatanye nakazu cyavumbuwe nuwakoze amasaha John Harrison mu 1760 kugirango akore igihe cya H3. Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 18, HR hertz wo mu Budage yasohoye impapuro zivuga ku guhangayikishwa no kwishyiriraho imipira. Ukurikije ibyo Hertz yagezeho, Ubudage r. Palmgren ya Stribeck na Suwede hamwe n’abandi bakoze ibizamini byinshi, byagize uruhare mu iterambere ry’imyumvire yo gushushanya no kubara ubuzima bw'umunaniro wo kubara ibintu. Nyuma yaho, NP Petrov wo mu Burusiya yashyize mu bikorwa itegeko rya Newton ryo kwiyemeza kubara amakimbirane. Patente yambere kumuyoboro wumupira yabonetse na Philip Vaughn wa camson mumwaka wa 1794.
Mu 1883, Friedrich Fisher yatanze igitekerezo cyo gukoresha imashini zikoreshwa mu gusya imipira y'ibyuma ifite ubunini bungana kandi buzengurutse neza, ibyo bikaba byarashizeho urufatiro rw'inganda zitwara ibicuruzwa. O Reynolds yakoze isesengura ry'imibare kubyo Thor yavumbuye hanyuma akuramo Reynolds igereranya, yashizeho urufatiro rw'imyumvire ya hydrodynamic.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-01-2022