A farkon nau'in motsi na linzamin kwamfuta, an sanya jeri na sandunan katako a ƙarƙashin jeri na faranti na skid. Motsin motsin layi na zamani suna amfani da ƙa'idar aiki iri ɗaya, sai dai wani lokacin ana amfani da ƙwallo maimakon nadi. Mafi sauƙaƙan juzu'in juzu'i shine ɗaukar hannun hannun shaft, wanda shine kawai sandwid ɗin daji tsakanin dabaran da axle. Daga baya an maye gurbin wannan ƙira ta hanyar birgima, waɗanda suka yi amfani da rollers masu yawa don maye gurbin ainihin kurmi, kuma kowane nau'in juyi yana kama da dabaran daban.
An samo wani misali na farko na ɗaukar ƙwallo a kan wani tsohon jirgin ruwa na Romawa da aka gina a cikin 40 BC a tafkin Naimi, Italiya: an yi amfani da ƙwallon katako don tallafawa saman tebur mai juyawa. An ce, Leonardo da Vinci ya kwatanta kwallon da ke dauke da ita kusan shekara 1500. Daga cikin abubuwa daban-daban da ba su balaga ba na daukar ƙwallo, wani muhimmin batu shi ne ƙwallayen za su yi karo da juna, abin da ke haifar da ƙarin tashe-tashen hankula. Amma ana iya hana hakan ta hanyar sanya ƙwallo cikin ƙananan keji. A cikin karni na 17, Galileo ya fara kwatanta wasan kwallon kafa na "kwallon keji". A ƙarshen karni na 17, British C. wallow ya ƙera kuma ya kera ƙwallo, waɗanda aka sanya a kan motar mail don amfani da gwaji, kuma P Worth na Burtaniya ya sami ikon ɗaukar ƙwallon ƙwallon. Mai yin agogo John Harrison ne ya ƙirƙira juzu'i na farko mai amfani tare da keji a cikin 1760 don yin lokacin H3. A ƙarshen karni na 18, HR Hertz na Jamus ya buga takarda game da damuwa na lamba na ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa. Dangane da nasarorin da Hertz ya samu, Jamus r. Stribeck da Sweden's a Palmgren da sauransu sun gudanar da gwaje-gwaje masu yawa, waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka ka'idar ƙira da lissafin rayuwar gajiyar birgima. Daga baya, NP Petrov na Rasha ya yi amfani da dokar Newton na danko don ƙididdige rikici. Philip Vaughn na camson ya sami lambar haƙƙin farko akan tashar ƙwallon a cikin 1794.
A cikin 1883, Friedrich Fisher ya ba da shawarar yin amfani da injunan samarwa da suka dace don niƙa ƙwallo na ƙarfe tare da girman girman daidai kuma daidaitaccen zagaye, wanda ya kafa harsashin masana'antar ɗaukar nauyi. Ya Reynolds ya yi nazarin ilimin lissafi na gano Thor da ma'aunin Reynolds da aka samu, wanda ya aza harsashin ka'idar lubrication na hydrodynamic.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-01-2022